Need for Encapsulation

Encapsulation in java

 

  • Any program of  any programming language contains only two parts.
    i.Data
    ii.Logic
  • Out of these two highest priority would be always given to data part.
  • Functions /logics would e giving output based on the data.
  • There is no proper security for the data part in the structured programming language programs like c - program.
  • There was no proper separation between the data and functions of different domains because of which complexity of the programming increases and data insecurity arises
  • The concept of proper binding is missing in structured programming languages  

Reason for Data Insecurity in C-Programing language:

  • It is the  GLOBAL VARIABLES which leads to the data insecurity in c- programs 
  • GLOBAL VARIABLES would be available for both related and unrelated functions also.
  • Whenever an unrelated function accesses the data in a wrong way data corruption arises

Sample c -program:

  1. #include <stdio.h>
  2.  
  3. /* global variable declaration */
  4. int a = 20;
  5.  
  6. int main ()
  7. {
  8.  
  9. /* local variable declaration in main function */
  10.   int a = 10;
  11.   int b = 20;
  12.   int c = 0;
  13. int mul=0;
  14.  
  15.  c = sum( a, b);
  16.  
  17.  printf ("a+b = %d\n",  c);
  18.  
  19. mul= sum( a, b);
  20.  
  21. printf ("a*b= %d\n",  mul); 
  22. return 0;
  23.  
  24. /* function to add two integers */
  25. int sum(int a, int b)
  26. {   
  27.     return a + b;
  28. }
  29.  
  30. /* function to multiply two integers */
  31. int mul(int a, int b)
  32. {
  33.     return a * b;
  34. }

What is Encapsulation?

  • The concept of binding the data along with its related and corresponding functions is known as Encapsulation.

 

 

Binding:

  • The concept of restricting the availability of the data only to its related areas and related functions it is known as binding.
  • Because of binding we can restrict the availability of dta to the unrelated functions
  • So that unrelated functions cannot access the data 
  • Class is the base for encapsulation


Example program:

  1. package com.instanceofjava;
  2.  
  3. public class Student {
  4.  
  5. // variables
  6.    int rno;
  7.     String name;
  8.     String clas;
  9.     String Address;
  10.     int rank;
  11.  
  12. //setter and getter methods of variables 
  13.  
  14.  public int getRno() {
  15.        return rno;
  16.     }
  17.  
  18. public void setRno(int rno) {
  19.        this.rno = rno;
  20. }
  21.  
  22. public String getName() {
  23.         return name;
  24. }
  25.  
  26.  public void setName(String name) {
  27.         this.name = name;
  28. }
  29.  
  30. public String getClas() {
  31.        return clas;
  32. }
  33.  
  34. public void setClas(String clas) {
  35.         this.clas = clas;
  36. }
  37.  
  38. public String getAddress() {
  39.        return Address;
  40. }
  41.  
  42. public void setAddress(String address) {
  43.       Address = address;
  44. }
  45.  
  46. public int getRank() {
  47.     return rank;
  48.  }
  49.  
  50. public void setRank(int rank) {
  51.         this.rank = rank;
  52.  }
  53.  
  54.     //constructor
  55.    Student(int rno,String name,String clas,String Address,int rank){
  56.  
  57.         this.rno=rno;
  58.         this.name=name;
  59.         this.clas=clas;
  60.  
  61.         this.Address=Address;
  62.         this.rank=rank;
  63.  
  64.     }
  65.  
  66.  public static void main(String args[]){
  67.  
  68.     Student student= new Student(1, "sai", "class IV", "hyderabad", 1); 
  69.  
  70.     System.out.println("Name: "+student.getName());
  71.     System.out.println("Class: "+student.getClas());
  72.     System.out.println("Rno: "+student.getRno());
  73.  
  74.     System.out.println("Rank: "+student.getRank());
  75.     System.out.println("Address: "+student.getAddress());
  76.  
  77.   }
  78. }

 

Output:

  1. Name: sai 
  2. Class: class IV 
  3. Rno: 1 
  4. Rank: 1 
  5. Address: hyderabad

Instance Of Java

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4 comments for Encapsulation

  1. In the program if explain where the bending is happening then new learners can easily understand.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yeah, even I too have the same question. I am new in Java. Though I understood the concept clearly but I am not getting exactly where binding is happening in the program.

      Delete
    2. Keeping variables and corresponding methods in one place== class==binding happening

      Delete

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