• Defining multiple methods with same name
  • Static polymorphism and dynamic polymorphism

Static polymorphism:

  • Its a process of defining multiple methods with the same name and with different parameter types or list or order is called static polymorphism
  • Compile time itself we can say which method is going to get executed based on parameters types.
  • So its also called compile time polymorphism.
  • This will be achieved by method overloading.
  • Method overloading means defining multiple methods with same name and different parameters.
  • If two methods have same method name , But different parameter types those methods are considered as overloaded methods.
  • Will see example program on method overloading.

 Example program on method overloading:


  1. package instanceofjava;
  2.  
  3. public class OverloadingDemo {
  4.  
  5. void add(){
  6.     System.out.println("No-arg method");
  7. }
  8.  
  9. void add(int i){
  10.     System.out.println("int-arg method");
  11. }    
  12.  
  13. void add(String str){
  14.     System.out.println("String-arg method");
  15. }
  16.  
  17. void add(float d){
  18.     System.out.println("float-arg method");
  19. }
  20.  
  21. void add(int a, int b){
  22.     System.out.println("2 int-arg method");
  23. }
  24.  
  25. public static void main(String[] args){
  26.  
  27.     OverloadingDemo obj= new OverloadingDemo();
  28.  
  29.     obj.add();
  30.     obj.add(10);
  31.     obj.add(1.2f);
  32.     obj.add("java");
  33.     obj.add(1, 2);    
  34.  
  35. }
  36. }

Output


  1. No-arg method
  2. int-arg method
  3. float-arg method
  4. String-arg method
  5. 2 int-arg method

Method overloading with reference types:

  • We can also overload method with reference types, check below program.

  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Test {
  3.  
  4. void show(){
  5.  
  6.         System.out.println("test class show() method");
  7. }
  8.  
  9. }

  1. package instanceofjava;
  2.  
  3. public class Example {
  4.  
  5. void method(String s){
  6.  
  7.        System.out.println("String-arg");
  8.  
  9. }
  10.  
  11. void method(Test obj){
  12.  
  13.     System.out.println("method(Test obj)-arg");    
  14.    obj.show();
  15.  
  16. }
  17.  
  18.  public static void main(String[] args){
  19.  
  20.     Example obj= new Example();
  21.     obj.method("polymorphism definition in oops");
  22.     obj.method(new Test());
  23.  
  24.     }
  25. }

Output:


  1. String-arg
  2. method(Test obj)-arg
  3. test class show() method

Dynamic polymorphism:

  • Redefining the super class method in sub class is called "method overriding" .
  • Method overriding is a language feature that allows a sub class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its super class.
  • The implementation in the sub class overrides the implementation in the super class.
  • This is also called dynamic polymorphism / runtime polymorphism.

  1. package instanceofjava;
  2.  
  3. public class A{
  4.  
  5. void show(String s){
  6.  
  7.   System.out.println("super class method");
  8.  
  9. }
  10.  
  11. }

  1. package instanceofjava;
  2.  
  3. public class B extends A{
  4.  
  5. void show(String s){
  6.  
  7.   System.out.println("sub class method");
  8.  
  9. }
  10.  public static void main(String[] args){
  11. B obj =new B();
  12. obj.show();
  13. }
  14. }

Output:

  1. sub class method

We can not override static methods:

  • Actually static variables and static methods are class level. they are not instance level.
  • So if you try to override a static method will throw compile error
  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Super {
  3.     int a,b;
  4.     static void add(){
  5.         System.out.println("super class add() method");
  6.     }
  7. }


  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Sub extends Super {
  3.  
  4.  void add(){ // ERROR:This instance method cannot override the static method
  5.         System.out.println("this is sub class add() method");
  6. }
  7.  
  8.     public static void main(String [] args){

  9.         Sub obj= new Sub();
  10.  
  11.     } 
  12. }



  • Static methods are class level so we need to access by using class name.

  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Sub extends Super {
  3.  
  4.  static void add(){// works fine
  5.         System.out.println("this is sub class add() method");
  6. }
  7.  
  8. public static void main(String [] args){

  9.    Super.add();
  10.    Sub.add();
  11.  
  12.  
  13.     } 
  14. }

Output:


  1. super class add() method
  2. sub class add() method

Method Overriding - Exceptions:

  •  When we overriding a method from super class to sub class. we need to follow some rules
  • Whenever sub class method throws checked exception then super class method must be declared throws with same exception or super class of that checked exception.
  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Super {
  3.     int a,b;
  4.     void add(){
  5.         System.out.println("super class add() method");
  6.     }
  7. }


  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Sub extends Super {
  3.  
  4.  void add() throws IOException{ // ERROR:     - Exception IOException is not compatible with
  5.                                                       //throws clause in  Super.add()
  6.         System.out.println("this is sub class add() method");
  7. }
  8.  
  9.     public static void main(String [] args){

  10.         Sub obj= new Sub();
  11.  
  12.     } 
  13. }



  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Super {
  3.     int a,b;
  4.     void add()throws IOException{
  5.         System.out.println("super class add() method");
  6.     }
  7. }


  1. package instanceofjava;
  2. public class Sub extends Super {
  3.  
  4.  void add() throws IOException{// works fine
  5.         System.out.println("this is sub class add() method");
  6. }
  7.  
  8.     public static void main(String [] args){

  9.         Sub obj= new Sub();
  10.  
  11.     } 
  12. }

Instance Of Java

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